A lesion in the left lung is removed with a thoracoscopic approach. Visible anatomy includes the intercostal muscles and neurovascular bundles, the diaphragm, and the heart.

The entire left lung is removed in this patient with lung cancer. Visible anatomy includes the pulmonary arteries and veins, bronchi, and the aorta. The latissimus dorsi, serratus anterior, and trapezius muscles are also visible as they are transected to access the chest cavity.

Sternotomy for removal of a thymic mass.

Full bronchoscopic evaluation of the right lung, with evidence of obstruction of the left main bronchus.

An esophageal/gastric anastomosis is created in a child with gastric interposition.